It is based on the network architecture defined in itu g. Text pictures, sound, video, and numerical electrical or optical signal data can then be stored on floppy disks, used in computations, and sent from computer to 1 i. It can also work as a protective device to protect fiber optic connections from damage. Ethernet networks then could be 10 mbs or 100 mbs fast ethernet and connected with 10100 mbs ethernet devices that automatically switched network speeds. Optical communication pdf notes oc pdf notes smartzworld. Key distribution two parties a and b can have various key distribution. A fair idea on digital networking and digital communication systems will be a plus. Optical networks tutorial optical networks are telecommunications network of high capacity. Key distribution symmetric schemes require both parties to share a common secret key issue is how to securely distribute this key often a secure system failure due to a break in the key distribution scheme 24.
This tutorial is divided into distinct chapters, which explains the structural features. In optical networks, one bits are represented by the presence of light, and zero bits are represented by the absence of light. After completing this tutorial, you will find yourself at a moderate level of expertise in. The optical transport hierarchy oth is a new transport technology for the optical transport network otn developed by the itu. While circuit solutions are able to overcome the shortcom. The optical elements used in such networks are only passive components, such as fibers, splitterscouplers and connectors.
Optical network termination ont optical network unit onu an optical network termination is a customer premises equipment that provides user interfaces to the customer. Our computer network tutorial includes all topics of computer network such as introduction, features, types of computer network, architecture, hardware, software, internet, intranet, website, lan, wan, etc. Network security comprises of the measures adopted to protect the resources and integrity of a computer network. Network standards are important to ensure that hardware and software can work together. In this chapter, let us understand what split ratios, maximum reach and traffic management are in the optical distribution network odn. Data networks lecture 1 introduction eytan modiano eytan modiano slide 1. Design and implementation of a practical ftth network. Abb optical groups distribution centers and labs remain open during this time, and our response efforts to the coronavirus covid19 situation are being adjusted as necessary as things evolve. This tutorial will address all of these questions and explain the technologies, architectures, and market trends for emerging optical networks. By far the majority of ftth deployments in planning and in deployment use a pon in order to save on fiber costs.
Webopedias virtual private network vpn study guide. Optical distribution network odn odn, an integral part of the pon. Frame relay, and synchronous optical network sonet. Each of the devices on the network can be thought of as a node. The optical line terminal olt resides in the co, connecting the optical access network to an ip, atm, or sonet backbone. Principles, protocols and practice, release techniques allow to create pointtopoint links while radiobased techniques, depending on the directionality of the antennas, can be used to build networks containing devices spread over a small geographical area. Addresses are numeric quantities that are easy for computers to work with, but not for humans to remember. In passive optical network pon, optical splitters play an important role in fiber to the home ftth networks by allowing a single pon interface to be shared among many subscribers. Different colors of light, called wavelengths, are combined into one optical signal and sent over a fi beroptic cable to a farend optical multiplexing system. They both offer their own version of enhancements to accommodate. This tutorial is divided into distinct chapters, which explains the structural features of. All other inbetween components such as odffdms connected towards sni comes under the optical access network. The maximum permissible optical power attenuation between olt optical ports to ont input is 28db, which is by utilizing the socalled class b optical network elements. The majority of the backbone longhaul networks in the us and in several other countries use optical fiber as the transmission medium, and edfas play a major role.
Fig 1 gives an example of a network in a school comprising of a local area network or lan connecting computers with each other, the internet, and various servers. Middleware for distributed systems vanderbilt university. Data networks lecture 1 introduction mit opencourseware. This is a passive network like preemphasis required to adjust for uniform distribution of signal level over edfa band so that individual channel optical output. An olt is the service provider endpoint of a pon and is placed in a co or head end. Data communication and computer network tutorialspoint. There are also more than 30 current affair modules available on tutorials point. It uses optical fiber as its standard underlying physical medium, although it was also later specified to use copper cable, in which case it may be called cddi copper distributed data interface, standardized as tppmd twistedpair physical mediumdependent, also referred to as tpddi. Analog and digital transmission telecommunications. A network can be defined as a group of computers and other devices connected in some ways so as to be able to exchange data. A computer network is a set of devices connected through links. The optical distribution network odn can be divided into four parts from the co end to the user end. Physical reach physical reach is defined as the maximum physical distance that can be achieved for a particular transmission system. They are based on optical technologies and components, and are used to route, groom, and resto.
The purpose of this article is to provide the nontechnical reader with an overview of. Edge lsr at egress removes label and delivers packet. A highspeed network of storage devices that also connects those storage devices with servers. P a s sive optic al n et works the broadband connected household e nergy m onito r i ng video conference ala r m lo c k laundr y b o ok ing real estate services ethernet.
Debaes et al receiverless optical clock injection for clock distribution networks 401 data paths 5, 6. An odn realizes the optical transmission from the olt towards the users and vice versa. These are active optical networks aon and passive optical networks pon. Basics of fiber optics mark curranbrian shirk fiber optics, which is the science of light transmission through very fine glass or plastic fibers, continues to be used in more and more applications due to its inherent advantages over copper conductors. Introduction to computer networks and data communications. Physical reach physical reach is defined as the maximum physical distance that can be achieved for a. They are based on optical technologies and components, and are used to route, groom, and restore wavelength levels and wavelengthbased services. They both offer their own version of enhancements to accommodate better size ipethernet frames at variable rates gbps. One such problem, we feel, is that faced by designers of distribution networks. Pon has recently attracted much attention due to its low cost and high performance. Network topologies michigan technological university.
Optical line terminal optical network unit passive optical splitter pstn internet iptv onu onu pon is a kind of passive optical network featuring onetomultiplepoint architecture. The optical path that consists of these components is called the optical distribution network odn. Ring networks are moderately easy to install expansion to the. More commonly known as future proof, fiber to the home ftth is a new technology to deliver a communication signal over optical fiber. If the network operated at 100 mbs, the same device could switch automatically to the higher rate. Introduction to computer networks and data communications learning objectives define the basic terminology of computer networks recognize the individual components of the big picture of computer networks outline the basic network configurations cite the reasons for using a network model and how those reasons apply to current network systems. A computer network consists of a collection of computers, printers and other equipment that is connected together so that they can communicate with each other. In this chapter, let us understand what split ratios, maximum reach and traffic. Some notable successes in middleware for distributed systems include. Optical networks are telecommunications network of high capacity. Optical networks i about the tutorial optical networks are telecommunications network of high capacity.
Optical networks, wireless networks final exam during final exam week. Deploying a fiber optic physical infrastructure within a. This address is technically called the media access control address mac because it is found on the mac sub layer of the data link layer. Tutorialspoint also provides the facility to prepare for upsc exams by providing the free upsc notes and current affair content. Optical distribution network odn in a pon technology towards downstream side, all passive components from the pon port of olt to the pon port of ont come under optical distribution network. On the one hand, open source software and creativecommons licensing. Ingress edge lsr receives packet, performs layer 3 valueadded services, and labels packets 3. The ones and zerosthe onoff conditionsare carried through the network, and the receiving device repackages the ones and zeros to determine what character is being represented. The maximum permissible optical power attenuation between olt optical ports to ont input is 28db, which is by utilizing the socalled class b optical network. Olt to the pon port of ont come under optical distribution network. Fiber distributed data interface fddi is a standard for data transmission in a local area network.
This layer is responsible for endtoend delivery between hosts. Deploying a fiber optic physical infrastructure within a converged plantwide ethernet architecture introduction converged plantwide ethernet cpwe is the underlying architecture that provides standard network services for control and information disciplines, devices, and equipment found in modern industrial automation and. Optical splitters are installed in each optical network between the pon optical line terminal olt and the optical network terminals onts that the olt serves. The network interface card address, called the hardware address, is protocolindependent and is usually assigned at the factory. Distributed object computing middleware omg02a, sch86, gur86, sch98a, wol96 such as corba, java rmi, soap which provides a support base for objects that can be dispersed throughout a network, with clients invoking opera. Optical networks introduction the current thinking about ip over wdm by outlining a path to optical data networking, that includes multiple data networking protocol coupled with a protocoln.